Survival and Cause-specific Mortality of Red Deer Cervus Elaphus in Białowieża National Park, Poland

The aim of the study was to perform an investigation on the concentration of 19 minerals and cortisol in red deer (Cervus elaphus) hair, a matrix that is easy to collect with non-invasive and painless sampling, able to represent an integrative values of long-term substance concentrations, and able to give useful information, also when performed on dead animals, given its extreme stability over time. In the study thirty-five animals were included, coming from two different sides of a valley in the Stelvio National Park, where official water analysis had pointed out elevated concentrations of As in one of the two orographic sides. Hair cortisol concentrations were measured using a RIA(Radio Immuno Assay), while minerals were detected using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry). Results showed a negative relationship between cortisol and some mineral concentrations (Li, Co, As, Cd, Cr and Tl) and significant differences in some mineral concentrations between park areas (Al, Co, Cu, Cd and Ni). As, Cr and cortisol differences approached statistical significance. This preliminary study represents a step forward in the study of wildlife allostatic load and a valid method for applications in wildlife management programs, in environmental studies and in public health programs.

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Winter diet of introduced red deer (Cervus elaphus) in woodland vegetation in Grampians National Park, western Victoria

Australian Mammalogy ◽

10.1071/am14013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 107 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cathryn Roberts ◽

Martin Westbrooke ◽

Singarayer Florentine ◽

Simon Cook

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Deer Population ◽

Dietary Preferences ◽

Winter Diet ◽

Woody Shrubs ◽

Western Victoria ◽

Trees And Shrubs

Although red deer (Cervus elaphus) have the potential to play a major role in influencing the structure and composition of vegetation, little is known about the dietary preferences of red deer in Australia. In the Grampians National Park, Victoria, where there is a large, established red deer population, there has been concern over the condition of woodlands, with lack of perennial seedling recruitment observed. We estimated the diets of 12 red deer using macroscopic sorting techniques. We examined rumen contents of seven male and five female red deer from four woodland Ecological Vegetation Classes, which indicate that they act as intermediate feeders. A wide variety of plants were ingested, with evergreen tree species, small trees and woody shrubs making up a large proportion of the diet, along with grasses. This study found that red deer show significantly different dietary intake due to sex, with females consuming a diet much higher in grasses, while males consume more trees and shrubs. These findings have implications for the management of red deer populations within the park and broader implications for their effects on Australian ecosystems.

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ON THE QUESTION OF HYBRIDIZATION OF RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS SIBIRICUS) AND SIKA DEER (CERVUS NIPPON) IN THE NATIONAL PARK «STATE COMPLEX «ZAVIDOVO»

Krolikovodstvo i zverovodstvo ◽

10.52178/00234885_2021_4_26 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

A.V. Pavlov ◽

D.V. Zhukov ◽

V.I. Fertikov

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Sika Deer ◽

Cervus Nippon

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Suspicion of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Transmission between Cattle and Wild-Living Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) by Multitarget Genotyping

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.06812-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 1132-1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Isabel Fritsch ◽

Gabriele Luyven ◽

Heike Köhler ◽

Walburga Lutz ◽

Petra Möbius

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Type Ii ◽

Content Type ◽

Repeat Analysis ◽

Cattle Herds

ABSTRACTMultitarget genotyping of the etiologic agentMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisis necessary for epidemiological tracing of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). The study was undertaken to assess the informative value of different typing techniques and individual genome markers by investigation ofM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistransmission between wild-living red deer and farmed cattle with known shared habitats. Fifty-threeM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistype II isolates were differentiated by short sequence repeat analysis (SSR; 4 loci), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR; 8 loci), and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis based on IS900(IS900-RFLP) using BstEII and PstI digestion. Isolates originated from free-living red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Eifel National Park (n= 13), six cattle herds living in the area of this park (n= 23), and five cattle herds without any contact with these red deer (n= 17). Data based on individual herds and genotypes verified that SSR G2 repeats did not exhibit sufficient stability for epidemiological studies. Two common SSR profiles (without G2 repeats), nine MIRU-VNTR patterns, and nine IS900-RFLP patterns were detected, resulting in 17 genotypes when combined. A high genetic variability was found for red deer and cattle isolates within and outside Eifel National Park, but it was revealed only by combination of different typing techniques. Results imply that within this restricted area, wild-living and farmed animals maintain a reservoir for specificM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisgenotypes. No host relation of genotypes was obtained. Results suggested that four genotypes had been transmitted between and within species and that one genotype had been transmitted between cattle herds only. Use of multitarget genotyping forM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistype II strains and sufficiently stable genetic markers is essential for reliable interpretations of epidemiological studies on paratuberculosis.

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Habitat use patterns and food habits of the Kashmir red deer or Hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) in Dachigam National Park, Kashmir, India

Ethology Ecology & Evolution ◽

10.1080/03949370.2015.1018955 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 85-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Ahmad ◽

Q. Qureshi ◽

G. Agoramoorthy ◽

P. Nigam

Keyword(s):

Habitat Use ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Food Habits ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Dachigam National Park

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Periodontal disease and fluoride bone levels in two separate Iberian red deer populations

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

pp. 774 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Azorit ◽

M. J. Rodrigo ◽

S. Tellado ◽

M. C. Sánchez-Ariza

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Enamel Defects ◽

Cervus Elaphus Hispanicus ◽

Natural Park ◽

Iberian Red Deer ◽

Fluoride Determination

The mandibles of 209 red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from 6 months to 15 years old, shot between 2001 and 2002 in the Sierra de Andújar Natural Park (n = 173) and National Park of Doñana (n = 36) in southern Spain, were studied in order to assess spatial variations in the occurrence of periodontal disease and bone fluoride levels in two separate populations. Similarities were found in periodontal disease prevalence between the study areas (20.8% in Sierra de Andújar Natural Park and 33.3% in National Park of Doñana), and enamel defects or abnormal abrasion (7–10%, respectively). There were also variations in fluoride levels according to the area and the occurrence of periodontal disease, irrespective of age. Fluoride content was significantly lower in deer in Sierra de Andújar (250.5 ± 158.9 mg F/kg ash) than in Doñana (752.4 ± 451.0 mg F/kg ash), and the higher levels of bone fluoride occurred in mandibles showing periodontal disease in both areas (358.6 ± 201.7 and 1224.9 ± 422.34 mg F/kg, respectively). The fluoride levels were lower than expected, typical of non-polluted areas, and there was no significant influence of the occurrence of enamel defects on the bone fluoride concentration. In these areas pathologically increased attrition, enamel discolouration or enamel surface lesions seem not to be caused by fluorosis, so that special care must also be taken in using macroscopic lesions instead of fluoride determination as an indicator for monitoring the magnitude of environmental contamination. Research into the global mineral content and possible deficiencies in certain minerals such as selenium, phosphorus and calcium interacting with fluoride is necessary in order to understand the high prevalence of periodontal disease in younger animals and the higher concentrations of fluoride in mandibles with periodontal disease.

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Stay on trails – effects of human recreation on the spatiotemporal behavior of red deer Cervus elaphus in a German national park

Wildlife Biology ◽

10.2981/wlb.00403 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katharina Westekemper ◽

Horst Reinecke ◽

Johannes Signer ◽

Marcus Meißner ◽

Sven Herzog ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Spatiotemporal Behavior ◽

Human Recreation

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Composition of the wolf’s Canis lupus L. diet in the Wigry National Park

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2018-0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

Robert W. Mysłajek ◽

Sabina Nowak ◽

Maciej Romański ◽

Katarzyna Tołkacz

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

National Parks ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Canis Lupus ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Natura 2000 ◽

Important Prey

Abstract The diet of wolves Canis lupus L. was assessed in the Wigry National Park in North-Eastern Poland, which overlaps with the Natura 2000 site “Ostoja Wigierska”. The content of a total of 149 scat samples was collected in 2017 and analysed in order to determine dietary composition. Wolves primarily feed on wild ungulates, which make up 75.4% of food biomass. Despite the fact that wild boar Sus scrofa L. and red deer Cervus elaphus L. dominate in the ungulate community in the study area, the primary prey species was observed to be roe deer Capreolus capreolus L. with 39.6%, while red deer and wild boar only constituted 18.7% and 8.3% of the food biomass, respectively. Additionally, beaver Castor fiber L. was found to be an important prey (10.9%) as well and livestock accounted for 15.1% of all biomass consumed. The livestock eaten by wolves also included carcasses of domestic animals illegally disposed of in the forest. We therefore conclude that decisions on the management of the wolf’s food base within protected areas, such as national parks or Natura 2000 sites, should be preceded by intensive local studies.

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